Jan hankali mara komai - ana sanya laka mara kyau a kan reel (wato a kan dabaran), kuma ana amfani da ikon jujjuyawar na'urar don jawo laka mara kyau zuwa siffar da ake so da hannaye biyu, wanda shine tsarin gargajiya na samar da yumbu a kasar Sin, kuma ana kiran wannan tsari billet. Ana yin fayafai, kwano da sauran kayan zagaye ta hanyar zane mara kyau.
Tukwane da aka zana da hannu
Billet - idan babu abin da aka zana ya bushe, ana sanya shi a kan reel kuma a gyara shi da wuka don sa saman ya zama santsi, kauri har ma, ana kiran wannan tsari billet.
Ƙafafun tono - idan aka ja abin da aka zagaya babu komai, sai a bar makasudin laka mai tsawon inci 3 (handle) a ƙasa, sannan a tona kasan jirgin ruwa a cikin ƙafar ƙasa, ana kiran wannan tsari.
Ginin tukwane â hanya ce ta farko ta gyaran tukwane. Lokacin yin laka, da farko za a yi birgima a cikin dogon ramuka, sa'an nan kuma a yi shi daga ƙasa zuwa sama bisa ga buƙatun sifar, sa'an nan kuma a gyara ciki da waje da hannu ko kayan aiki masu sauƙi don sanya shi cikin jirgi. Tukwane da aka yi ta wannan hanya yakan bar alamun fayafai na laka a bangon ciki.
Tsarin dabaran - hanyar yin tukwane tare da ƙafafun ƙafafu, babban abin da ke tattare da katako shine zagaye na katako, akwai shinge na tsaye a ƙarƙashin motar, ƙananan ƙarshen shingen tsaye an binne shi a cikin ƙasa, kuma akwai cibiya don sauƙaƙe jujjuyawar motar. Yin amfani da jujjuyawar juzu'i na wheeler, yi amfani da hannaye biyu don cire laka mara kyau zuwa siffar da ake so. Hanyar juyawa ta fara ne a cikin marigayi Neolithic Dawenkou al'ada, kuma kayan aikin da aka samar sun kasance na yau da kullum a cikin tsari da kuma kauri.
Komawa â hanya ce ta harbe-harbe. Ana sanya waina ko yashi mai zafi mai zafi a cikin akwatin, kuma ana gasa kayan ta hanyar da aka saba, wanda ake kira backburning.
Yadda ake tara gaskets triangular a cikin tsarin baya
Stacking â hanyar harbe-harbe. Ma’ana, ana tara kayayyakin da suka kone tare da kona su, sannan a ware kayayyakin da ake amfani da su domin kwafe abubuwan da suka kone. Ana iya raba shi zuwa:
(1) Tara farce, ana amfani da wannan hanyar a zamanin da;
(2) Harbin da'irar reshe, kamar kafaffen kilns;
(3) Yin overlapping ko scraping glaze stacking, wato, goge da'irar glaze a cikin zuciyar kayan aikin (mafi yawa faranti da kwano), sannan a zubar da da'irar glaze daga cikin kayan kona da aka tattara, sannan a sanya ƙafar ƙasa (glazed) na kayan da aka ɗora akansa, gabaɗaya kusan samfuran 10val ne a saman Layer na wannan Layer.
Yin wuce gona da iri â hanyar harbe-harbe. Wato, an rufe da gasasshen a cikin akwati mai zoben tallafi ko rigar trapezoidal na ganga, wanda ya fara a daular waƙar Arewa kuma ana amfani da shi a tsarin kiln na Qingbai a Jingdezhen da yankin kudu maso gabas. Abubuwan amfani sune yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙananan nakasawa; Lalacewar ita ce, bakin kayan aikin ba shi da gilashi, wanda ba shi da amfani don amfani.
Harbin cin ganyayyaki - yana nufin yumbun da ake buƙatar harba sau biyu, wato, da farko shigar da kiln don kunna babur a ƙananan zafin jiki (kimanin 750 ~ 950 ° C), wanda ake kira harbe-harbe, sa'an nan kuma, sake yin haske a cikin kiln don yin wuta. Zai iya ƙara ƙarfin jikin kore kuma inganta ƙimar sahihanci.
Astringent da'irar - kafin a jera babu komai a cikin kayan, an goge da'irar kyalkyali da ke cikin kayan, kuma wurin da ba a yi ba ana kiransa "da'irar astringent", wanda ya shahara a daular Jin da Yuan.
Dip glaze - Dipped glaze yana daya daga cikin fasahar glazing yumbu, wanda kuma aka sani da "dipping glaze". Koren jikin yana nutsewa cikin glaze na ɗan lokaci sannan a cire shi, sannan ana amfani da shayar da ruwan koren don sanya glaze ɗin ya manne da blank. Ana sarrafa kauri na glaze Layer ta hanyar shayar da ruwa na blank, ƙaddamar da glaze slurry, da lokacin maceration. Ya dace da glazing lokacin farin ciki taya jiki da kofi da kwano kayayyakin.
Glaze hurawa - yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin glazing na gargajiya a kasar Sin. Rufe da bututun bamboo tare da yarn mai kyau, tsoma cikin glaze kuma busa shi da bakinka, adadin glaze ya dogara da girman kayan aiki, har zuwa sau 17 ~ 18, kadan kamar sau 3 ~ 4. Amfaninsa yana sanya kyalli a cikin kayan aiki daidai da daidaito, kuma ana amfani da wannan hanyar galibi don manyan kayan aiki, tayoyin bakin ciki da samfuran kyalli. An yi ta farko a Jingdezhen a daular Ming.
Glazing - tsari na kyalkyali ga manyan abubuwa, yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin kyalkyali na gargajiya a kasar Sin. Rike kwano ko cokali a kowane hannu, ɗora wannan glaze ɗin, sannan a zuba shi a kan koren jiki.
Glaze - daya daga cikin hanyoyin glazing na gargajiya a kasar Sin. A lokacin aikin, ana zuba glaze ɗin a cikin cikin babur, sannan a girgiza, ta yadda babba da na ƙasa hagu da dama suna glazed daidai gwargwado, sannan a zubar da glaze ɗin da ya wuce kima, wannan hanya ta dace da kwalabe, tukwane da sauran kayan aiki.
Buga â dabarar ado don yumbu. Ana buga wani ra'ayi da aka zana tare da ƙirar kayan ado a jikin kore lokacin da bai riga ya bushe ba, saboda haka sunan. A lokacin bazara da kaka da kuma lokacin da ake fama da jahohin kasar Sin, ana amfani da tukwane mai tukwane sosai, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, ya zama daya daga cikin fasahohin kayan ado na gargajiya na kasar Sin. Ding kiln bugu na daular Song shine mafi wakilci.
Scratching - fasaha na ado na ain. Yi amfani da kayan aiki mai nuni don yiwa layukan da babu komai a ciki don ƙawata ƙirar, saboda haka sunan. Ya bunƙasa a cikin Daular Song, tare da furanni, tsuntsaye, siffofi, dodanni da phoenixes.
sassaƙa - fasaha na ado na ain. Yi amfani da wuka don sassaƙa ƙirar ado a kan baranda mara kyau, saboda haka sunan. An kwatanta shi da karfi mafi girma, kuma layin sun fi zurfi da fadi fiye da bugun jini. Ya bunƙasa a cikin daular Song kuma ya shahara da kayan aikin furen da aka sassaƙa na ɗakin ɗakin Yaozhou a arewa.
Ɗaukar furanni - fasaha na ado na ain. A kan farantin babu inda aka zana ƙirar, ana cire ɓangaren ban da ƙirar don yin juzu'i, saboda haka sunan. Ya fara ne a cikin tsarin kiln Cizhou na arewa a cikin daular Song, tare da furanni masu launin ruwan kasa kamar yadda ya fi bambanta. A lokacin Jin Yuan, dakunan dakunan dakunan shanxi na Shanxi su ma sun shahara sosai, kuma furannin baƙar fata suna da ban mamaki.
Lu'u-lu'u Ground Scratching â dabarar ado don ain. A kan faren da ba kowa, ratar yana cike da kyawawan sifofi masu yawa, don haka sunan, wanda ya fara daga marigayi Tang Henan Mi County kiln, daular Song mashahurin Henan, Hebei, Shanxi porcelain kilns, kayayyakin Henan Dengfeng na kiln sun fi bambanta.
Appliqué - fasaha na ado don yumbu. Yin amfani da gyare-gyare ko ƙulluwa da sauran hanyoyi, ana yin nau'i daban-daban daga laka na taya, sannan a manna a jikin kore, don haka sunan. Kayayyakin ruwan ruwan kore mai kyalli na daular Tang da kiln yashi, da kuma kayan ado na Tang Sancai appliqués daga kilns na gundumar Gongxian, Henan, duk sun shahara.
Takarda yanke appliqué - fasaha na ado don ain. Yanke takarda fasaha ce ta gargajiya ta jama'a a kasar Sin, wacce ke dasa tsarin yankan takarda zuwa kayan ado, don haka sunan. Asalin kiln Jizhou na lardin Jiangxi a cikin daular Song, a cikin tukunyar shayi mai baƙar fata, wanda aka yi masa ado da furanni plum, ganyen itace, phoenixes, malam buɗe ido da sauran alamu, tasirin yankan takarda yana da ban mamaki, tare da kyawawan halaye na gida.
Lambun kayan shafa â hanya ce ta ƙawata launin taya. Domin samun ramawa da tasirin kalar tayan ain, ana shafa wani farar yumbu na yumbu a kan babur tayan don yin tattakin da santsi da fari, ta yadda za a inganta launin glaze, kuma yumbun da aka yi amfani da shi a wannan hanyar ana kiransa yumbu na kwaskwarima. An fara amfani da yumbu na kwaskwarima a daular Jin yamma a Wuzhou kiln celadon da ke Zhejiang, an yi amfani da farar fararen arewa sosai a daular Sui da Tang, haka nan kuma an yi amfani da fararen kiln na Cizhou a daular Song, musamman ma irin nau'in kisa.
Binciken zinari - fasaha na kayan ado na yumbu. Ana fentin shi a kan yumbu a cikin zinariya sannan a kori shi, don haka sunan. Daular Song Ding Kiln tana da farar fata mai walƙiya da zinare da zinare na zinare, kuma bisa ga takardu, Daular Song Ding Kiln "fantin da ruwan tafarnuwa da zinari". Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ga zane-zanen zinari a kan Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming da Qing porcelain.
Ƙafafun ƙarfe mai launin shuɗi - fasalin kayan ado na ain. Wasu nau'ikan daular Song ta Kudu na hukuma, kiln gadon gado da daular Song Longquan kiln, saboda kashin tayi yana da babban abun ciki na ƙarfe, idan ya kone a cikin yanayi mai rahusa, glaze na bakin jirgin yana gudana ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma launin tayi yana da shuɗi lokacin da glaze Layer ya zama bakin ciki; Bangaren ƙafar da aka fallasa shine baƙin ƙarfe-baƙar fata, wanda shine abin da ake kira "ƙafar ƙarfe mai ruwan hoda".
Waya waya ta zinari - fasalin kayan ado na ain. Layin kiln heirloom, saboda nau'in haɓakawa daban-daban na glaze na taya yayin harbe-harbe, ya samar da buɗaɗɗen glazed, manyan ɓangarorin hatsi sun bayyana baƙar fata, ƙananan hatsi sun bayyana rawaya na zinariya, ɗaya baƙar fata da rawaya ɗaya, wato, abin da ake kira "wayar ƙarfe na ƙarfe na zinariya".
Budewa - saboda nau'ikan haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar taya yayin harbe-harbe, nau'ikan nau'ikan daular Song na hukuma, kilns na gado da kiln Longquan suna da buɗaɗɗen halaye. Bayan daular Song, kilns na Jingdezhen su ma sun yi koyi da kona.
Haƙarƙari - fasalin kayan ado na ain. Daular Song ta Kudu Longquan kiln celadon, wasu sassa na samar da tsiri da ke fitowa, lokacin glazing glaze yana da bakin ciki musamman, launi yana da haske, bambanci, wato, abin da ake kira haƙarƙari.
Earthworm tafiya laka tsarin - wani glazed siffar ain. Lokacin da babur ɗin ya bushe kuma ya bushe, glaze Layer yana haifar da tsagewa, kuma glaze yana gudana yayin aikin harbe-harbe don cike tsagawar, wanda ya haifar da alamun da aka bari bayan tsutsawar ƙasa ta ratsa daga laka, don haka sunan. Wani siffa ce ta musamman ta Jun kiln porcelain a gundumar Yu, lardin Henan a daular Song.
Tsarin kaguwa â siffa mai kyalli na ain. Sakamakon kyalkyalin kayan aikin, kyalkyali mai kauri ya fado ya zama alamun da suka bar bayan hawaye, don haka sunan, wanda yana daya daga cikin sifofin kyalkyalin farin ain a cikin dakin Ding na Daular Song.
Jomon - daya daga cikin na ado alamu na Neolithic tukwane. An yi suna ne saboda ƙirar tana da siffa kamar ƙirar igiya da aka ɗaure. Ana amfani da tukwanen tukwane da aka naɗe da igiya ko kuma an zana hoton igiya a kan wani tukwane wanda bai riga ya bushe ba, kuma bayan an harbe shi, ana barin tsarin Jomon a saman kayan.
Tsarin Geometric - ɗayan kayan ado na kayan ado na yumbu. Maki, layuka, da filaye suna samar da adadi iri-iri na geometric na yau da kullun, saboda haka sunan. Irin su ƙirar alwatika, tsarin grid, tsarin dubawa, ƙirar zigzag, ƙirar da'irar, ƙirar lu'u-lu'u, ƙirar zigzag, ƙirar girgije, ƙirar baya, da sauransu.
