Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan shayi iri-iri, manyan sune: saitin shayin celadon, fararen shayin ain, saitin shayin ain baƙar fata da saitin ain launi. Wadannan kayayyakin shayi suna da wani shafi mai daraja a tarihin raya al'adun shayi na kasar Sin.
Celadon shayi saitin
Saitin shayi na Celadon tare da ingancin xxx da aka samar a Zhejiang. Tun farkon daular Han ta Gabas, an fara samar da celadon tare da tsaftataccen launi da haske mai haske. Yue kiln, Wu kiln da Ou da ke Zhejiang a daular Jin sun kai wani ma'auni mai yawa. A daular Song, a matsayin daya daga cikin mashahuran dakunan dafa abinci guda biyar a wancan lokaci, shayin celadon da Zhejiang Longquan Ge Kiln ya samar ya kai kololuwa, kuma ana fitar da shi zuwa kasashen duniya baki daya. A cikin daular Ming, saitin shayi na celadon sun fi shahara don laushin laushi, siffa mai daraja, koren kyalkyali, da kyawawan salo. A karshen karni na 16, an fitar da Longquan celadon zuwa kasar Faransa, lamarin da ya jawo hankulan jama'a a duk fadin kasar Faransa, kuma mutane sun kwatanta shi da kyawawan koren rigar jaruma Xue Latong a cikin shahararren wasan kwaikwayo mai suna "Shepherdess" wanda ya shahara a nahiyar Turai a wancan lokaci, kuma ake kira Longquan celadon "Xue Laton" a matsayin wata taska da ba kasafai ba. Zamanin zamani, saitin shayi na Zhejiang Longquan celadon yana da sabbin ci gaba, kuma sabbin kayayyaki na ci gaba da fitowa. Baya ga dimbin fa’idojin da ake da su na saitin shayi na pocelain, ana amfani da wannan shayin wajen hada koren shayi saboda koren launinsa, wanda ya fi amfani ga kyawun miya. Duk da haka, yin amfani da shi don yin baƙar fata, farar shayi, shayi mai launin rawaya, da black shayi yana da sauƙi don sa miyan shayi ya rasa ainihin kamanninsa, wanda da alama bai isa ba.
Farar ain shayi saitin
Farin shayin shayi yana da halaye na billet mai yawa kuma bayyananne, babban glazed da wutar tukwane, babu shayar ruwa, sauti mai tsafta da dogon waƙa. Saboda launin fari, yana iya nuna launin miya mai shayi, matsakaicin canja wuri mai zafi da aikin adana zafi, tare da launuka daban-daban da siffofi daban-daban, wanda za a iya kira taska a cikin tasoshin shan shayi. Tun a zamanin daular Tang, farar kayan kwalliyar da Xingyao ta kera a lardin Hebei, “masu fada aji da masu fada aji a duniya suna amfani da su a duk duniya”. Bai Juyi na daular Tang ya kuma rubuta wakoki na yabon farar kwanon shayin da aka samar a garin Dayi na kasar Sichuan. A daular Yuan, an fitar da fararen shayin shayi a birnin Jingdezhen na lardin Jiangxi zuwa kasashen waje. A yau, farar ain shayin an ƙara sabuntawa. Wannan saitin shayi mai farin-glazed ya dace da yin kowane irin shayi. Bugu da ƙari, saitin shayi na farin farantin yana da kyau a siffa kuma an yi masa ado da kyau, kuma bangon waje galibi ana fentin shi da tsaunuka da koguna, furanni na yanayi da shuke-shuke, tsuntsaye da dabbobi, labarun halayen, ko kuma an ƙawata shi da ƙima mai ƙima, kuma yana da ƙimar godiya ta fasaha sosai, don haka shi ne aka fi amfani dashi.
Black ain shayi saitin
Baƙar fata mai shayi, ya fara ne a zamanin daular Tang, ya bunƙasa a cikin waƙar waƙar, ya ci gaba a cikin Yuan, kuma ya ragu a daular Ming da Qing, saboda tun farkon Song xxx, hanyar shan shayi.
A hankali ya canza daga hanyar Sencha a daular Tang zuwa hanyar odar shayi, kuma shahararren shayin fada a daular Song ya haifar da yanayin tasowar kayan shayin baƙar fata.
Mutanen Waƙar sun auna tasirin yaƙin shayi, sun kalli launi da daidaiton miya ta noodle ɗin shayi, suka sanya "fararen haske" a farko; Na biyu, duba ko babu alamar ruwa a mahadar furen miya da fitilar shayi da ba dade ko ba dade, ba tare da alamar ruwa akan fitilar ba a saman. Cai Xiang, wanda shi ne manzo na uku a lokacin, ya bayyana karara a cikin littafinsa mai suna "Tea Record" cewa:
"Yana da kyau ka ga fuskarsa fari ce mai haske kuma ba ta da alamar ruwa, a cikin ginin gwajin yaƙi, na farko da alamar ruwa shi ne wanda ya yi hasara, kuma mai ɗorewa ya ci nasara. Kuma baƙar fata mai shayi mai shayi."
Kamar yadda daular Song Zhu Mu ta ce a cikin "Fang Yu Shengyan", "Brown fari ne, a cikin baƙar fata fitilar, alamunsa suna da sauƙin tantancewa". Don haka, fitilar shayin baƙar fata na daular Song ta zama mafi girma iri-iri na saitin shayi. Fujian Jianyao, Jiangxi Jizhou Kiln, Shanxi Yuci Kiln, da dai sauransu, duk suna samar da nau'in shayi na baƙar fata a cikin adadi mai yawa, wanda ya zama babban yanki na samar da kayan shayi na baƙar fata. Daga cikin dakunan dakunan shan shayi na bakaken fata, "Jianzhen" da Jianyao ya samar ya fi yabo. "Rikodin shayi" na Cai Xiang ya ce:
"Mawallafin Jian'an ... Mafi mahimmanci. Wadanda suka zo daga wani wuri, sirara ko shunayya, ba su da kyau kamar ko dai. "Tsarin na musamman ya sa glaze ya bayyana raƙuman zomo, wuraren da aka fi so, da kuma rana a lokacin harbe-harbe, da zarar miyan shayi ya kasance a cikin fitilar.
Yana iya haskaka ɓangarorin haske masu launi, wanda ke ƙara sha'awar yaƙin shayi. A farkon daular Ming, saboda hanyar "maganin dafa abinci" ya bambanta da na daular Song, fitulun ginin baƙar fata a cikin "da alama ba su dace ba", kawai a matsayin "shiri ɗaya".
Saitin shayi mai launi
Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan shayi masu launuka iri-iri, daga cikinsu akwai ruwan shayin shudi da fari sun fi daukar ido. Saitin shayi mai launin shuɗi da fari, a zahiri, yana nufin amfani da cobalt oxide a matsayin wakili mai canza launi, kai tsaye yana nuna ƙirar akan tayan ain, sa'an nan kuma ya rufe murfin haske mai haske, sannan ragewa da harbi a babban zafin jiki na kusan 1300 ° C a cikin kiln.
Duk da haka, fahimtar "blue" a cikin launi na "blue flower" ya bambanta a zamanin da da na zamani. Magabata sun haɗa baki ɗaya suna kiran baƙi, shuɗi, shuɗi, kore da sauran launuka a matsayin "kore", don haka ma'anar "furan shuɗi" ya fi na mutanen yau girma. Yana da siffa da:
Tsarin shuɗi da fari suna nuna juna, wanda ke da daɗi ga ido; Launukan suna da kyau da ban sha'awa, kuma akwai launi mai walƙiya
Ƙarfin ƙyalli. Bugu da ƙari, glaze a kan kayan launi ya dubi m da haske, wanda ya kara da fara'a na shuɗi da fari na shayi.
Sai daular Yuan ta tsakiya da kuma marigayiya ne aka fara samar da nau'in shayin shayi mai launin shudi da fari a cikin nau'o'i, musamman Jingdezhen, wanda ya zama babban wurin samar da shayin shayi mai launin shudi da fari a kasar Sin. Saboda yawan fasahar zanen shayin shayi na shudi da fari, musamman yadda ake amfani da fasahohin zanen gargajiya na kasar Sin wajen yin kwalliya, ana iya cewa wannan wata babbar nasara ce da zanen daular Yuan ta samu. Bayan daular Yuan, baya ga samar da nau'in shayi mai launin shudi da fari a birnin Jingdezhen, an kuma sami wasu tsirarun nau'in shayin shayin da aka samar a Yuxi, da Jianhui na Yunnan, da Jiangshan da sauran wurare a cikin Zhejiang, amma ko ya kasance mai kyalli, ingancin taya, ado, fasahar zane-zane, ba za a iya kwatanta su da farar sa'in shayi na Jingdezhen ba. Daular Ming, Jingdezhen samar da shuɗi da fari ain shayi sets, kamar teapots, kofuna na shayi, shayi fitilu, da kuma more iri na launuka, da kuma mafi mai ladabi quality, ko shi ne siffar, siffar, ado, da dai sauransu su ne saman na kasar, zama sauran samar da blue da fari shayi saita kiln kwaikwayo abu, Qing daular Qing, musamman shayi a zamanin porce, daular Qing, porce, daular Qing. tarihin ci gaban yumbu na daɗaɗɗen, kuma ya shiga kololuwar tarihi, ya zarce daular da ta gabata, ta shafi al'ummomi masu zuwa. Kayan kayan kwalliyar shudi da fari da aka harba a lokacin daular Kangxi an san su da "mafi kyawun daular Qing" a tarihi.
